![]() In this way, the der goes from having few generation centers to having a large number distributed generation centers throughout electrical network, which can be renewable and/or traditional, forming interconnected micro-networks. Īs for electricity distribution in terms of a smart grid, the terminology of distributed generation (DG) or distributed energy resources (DER) is introduced. On which applications and services such as automated meters reader (AMR), or with more extended services advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), which for example help in detecting system failures such as: communications, failures in devices like sensors, actuators and/or controllers or failures due to control system and resources scheduling. The systems implemented through SG and SC are characterized by important parameters such as user density, types of services provided, spatial and geographical location of resources like communications infrastructure, which is the backbone of SG, SC and IoT. ![]() ![]() Therefore, communication architectures that generate optimal topologies should be sought, in order to meet the requirements demanded by SG, SC and IoT and that at the same time save energy possible alternatives from the scientific community point to the use of FiWi Hybrid Networks. It is difficult to make accurate forecasts regarding the projection and growth of intelligent electronic devices (IED) given that uncertainty exists because of the number of variables involved, however it is possible to make future projections in a stochastic way, which can serve as a reference for the take of decisions related to the deployment of the communications network, which supports the services provided on SG, SC and IoT, but testing various planning scenarios.Īnother point to highlight is how to find and analyze possible solutions that seek to minimize the costs involved by CAPEX and OPEX to maximize the benefits expected by telecommunications operators. In order to observe a horizon of temporal-spatial evolution, it is necessary to characterize important parameters such as the demand and density of users, Who benefit from the services offered by SG, SC and IoT. The following chapter proposes a new planning model for the scalability and deployment of communications infrastructure that give supports to SG, SC and IoT countries such as the United States and those that made up the European Union, are carrying out projects with SG motivated by the drawbacks related to the current energy network, such as blackouts, overloads and voltage drops, most of these events were due to a slowness in response times of the devices that control the energy network, in addition, the increase in the population of residential and commercial clients that demand to connect intelligent appliances or the IOT, has caused that the network of supply is obsolete, considering this background, it is urgent to make changes in the infrastructure of electrical and communications systems, so as to adapt to the temporal-spatial evolution of customers and to meet requirements such as: scalability, coverage, security, flexibility, availability, delays and latencies. This chapter seeks to provide planning alternatives to network segments linking universal data aggregation point (UDAP) with base stations (BS), this segment joins wide area network (WAN) with metropolitan area network (MAN). ![]() Another important point is how to find and analyze possible solutions that seek to minimize the costs involved by capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX), but where it is possible to measure the uncertainty coming from stochastic projections, in order to obtain the maximum benefit expected to give access to users Who benefits from the services provided by SG, SC and IoT, on the other hand, we must look for communications architectures that generate optimum topologies to meet demanded requirements and at the same time save energy, possible alternatives highlight the use of hybrid networks of optical fiber links combined with wireless links (Fiber-Wireless, FiWi). Nowadays, growth in demand for bandwidth, due to new and future applications being implemented, for services provided from smart grids (SG), smart cities (SC) and internet of things (IoT), it has drawn attention of scientific community, on issues related to planning, and optimization of communication infrastructure resources, in addition is necessary comply with requirements such as scalability, coverage, security, flexibility, availability, delay and security. ![]()
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